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在CentOS7安装Erlang和Elixir详细方法

2022-02-26 10:36:02

Erlang是一种开源编程语言,用于构建对高可用性有要求的大规模可扩展的软实时系统。它通常用于电信,银行,电子商务,计算机电话和即时消息中。Erlang的runtime系统具有对并发,分发和容错的内置支持。它是在爱立信计算机科学实验室设计的。

安装之前,先看一下它们的简要说明

Erlang

Erlang是一种开源编程语言,用于构建对高可用性有要求的大规模可扩展的软实时系统。它通常用于电信,银行,电子商务,计算机电话和即时消息中。Erlang的runtime系统具有对并发,分发和容错的内置支持。它是在爱立信计算机科学实验室设计的。

Elixir

Elixir是一种动态的功能语言,旨在用于构建可伸缩和可维护的应用程序。Elixir利用了以运行低延迟,分布式和容错系统而著称的Erlang VM,同时也成功地用于Web开发和嵌入式软件领域。

现在开始在CentOS 7.7 64位服务器中安装Erlang和Elixir。

安装前的准备

安装Erlang和Elixir之前,需要安装以下依赖。

$ yum update
$ yum install epel-release
$ yum install gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel make ncurses-devel openssl-devel autoconf java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel git wget wxBase.x86_64

安装Erlang

由于官方存储库中的Erlang版本可能比较旧,这里我将下载并安装最新的Erlang版本。

添加Erlang官方存储库以安装最新的Erlang。

首先到**Erlang存储库页面**,根据你使用的发行版下载存储库:

由于现在在CentOS 7.7中安装Erlang,因此我将添加以下存储库。

$ wget http://packages.erlang-solutions.com/erlang-solutions-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
$ rpm -Uvh erlang-solutions-1.0-1.noarch.rpm

使用以下命令更新存储库列表:

$ yum update

使用以下命令安装erlang

$ yum install erlang

现在最新版本的Erlang已安装完成。

验证Erlang

运行以下命令以验证是否已安装Erlang。

$ erl

输出示例:

Erlang/OTP 22 [erts-10.6] [source] [64-bit] [smp:1:1] [ds:1:1:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe]

Eshell V10.6  (abort with ^G)
1> 

如果看到如上的Erlang shell,表示安装成功!要关闭shell,只需按两次 Ctrl-C。

在Erlang中测试示例“ hello_world”程序

创建一个名为“ hello.erl”的新文件。

$ vi hello.erl

添加以下代码:

-module(hello).
-export([hello_world/0]).
hello_world() -> io:fwrite("hello, world\n").

保存并关闭文件。使用以下命令打开Erlang shell:

```sh
$ erl

运行以下命令,切记在每个命令的末尾添加英文点:

$ c(hello).
$ hello:hello_world().

输出示例:

[root@localhost ~]# erl
Erlang/OTP 22 [erts-10.6] [source] [64-bit] [smp:1:1] [ds:1:1:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe]

Eshell V10.6  (abort with ^G)
1> c(hello).
{ok,hello}
2> hello:hello_world().
hello, world
ok
3> 

安装Elixir

安装Elixir之前必须要先安装Erlang!

Elixir在EPEL存储库中可用,但已经过时了。为了安装最新版本,这里使用源码编译安装。

现在将Elixir从GitHub拉取到本地:

$ git clone -b v1.9.4 https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir.git

面的命令会将最新版本拉取到当前工作目录中名为 elixir的文件夹中。

注意:最好指定版本,不然的话你安装完查看版本,可能就是如下所示一样,源码和版本号不匹配

Erlang/OTP 22 [erts-10.6] [source] [64-bit] [smp:1:1] [ds:1:1:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe]

Elixir 1.10.0-dev (ee758f9) (compiled with Erlang/OTP 22)

接下来进到 elixir 目录:

$ cd elixir/

运行以下命令开始编译Elixir:

$ make clean test

输出示例:

[root@localhost elixir]# make clean test
rm -rf ebin
rm -rf lib/*/ebin
rm -rf lib/elixir/src/elixir_parser.erl
make[1]: 进入目录“/root/elixir”
rm -rf lib/*/_build/
rm -rf lib/*/tmp/
rm -rf lib/elixir/test/ebin/
rm -rf lib/mix/test/fixtures/deps_on_git_repo/
rm -rf lib/mix/test/fixtures/git_rebar/
rm -rf lib/mix/test/fixtures/git_repo/
rm -rf lib/mix/test/fixtures/git_sparse_repo/
rm -f erl_crash.dump
make[2]: 进入目录“/root/elixir”
rm -f man/elixir.1
rm -f man/elixir.1.bak
rm -f man/iex.1
rm -f man/iex.1.bak
make[2]: 离开目录“/root/elixir”
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/elixir”
Recompile: src/elixir_utils
Recompile: src/elixir_tokenizer
Recompile: src/elixir_sup
Recompile: src/elixir_rewrite
Recompile: src/elixir_quote
Recompile: src/elixir_parser
Recompile: src/elixir_overridable
Recompile: src/elixir_module
Recompile: src/elixir_map
Recompile: src/elixir_locals
Recompile: src/elixir_lexical
Recompile: src/elixir_interpolation
Recompile: src/elixir_import
Recompile: src/elixir_fn
Recompile: src/elixir_expand
Recompile: src/elixir_errors
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_var
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_try
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_pass
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_for
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_compiler
Recompile: src/elixir_erl_clauses
Recompile: src/elixir_erl
Recompile: src/elixir_env
Recompile: src/elixir_dispatch
Recompile: src/elixir_def
Recompile: src/elixir_config
Recompile: src/elixir_compiler
Recompile: src/elixir_code_server
Recompile: src/elixir_clauses
Recompile: src/elixir_bootstrap
Recompile: src/elixir_bitstring
Recompile: src/elixir_aliases
Recompile: src/elixir
Generated elixir app
==> bootstrap (compile)
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/macro/env.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/keyword.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/list.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/macro.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/typespec.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/code.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/code/identifier.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/checker.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/locals_tracker.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/parallel_checker.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/types/helpers.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/types/infer.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/types/expr.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/types/pattern.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/module/types.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/utils.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/exception.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/protocol.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/stream/reducers.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/enum.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/map.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/inspect/algebra.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/inspect.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/access.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/range.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/regex.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/string.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/string/chars.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/io.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/path.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/file.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/system.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/cli.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/error_handler.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/parallel_compiler.ex
Compiled lib/elixir/lib/kernel/lexical_tracker.ex
make[1]: 进入目录“/root/elixir”
==> unicode (compile)
Compiling /root/elixir/lib/elixir/unicode/unicode.ex (it's taking more than 15s)
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/elixir”
==> elixir (compile)
Compiling /root/elixir/lib/elixir/lib/base.ex (it's taking more than 15s)
make[1]: 进入目录“/root/elixir”
Generated elixir app
make[1]: 离开目录“/root/elixir”
==> eex (compile)
==> mix (compile)
Generated mix app
==> ex_unit (compile)
Generated ex_unit app
==> logger (compile)
Generated logger app
Generated eex app
==> iex (compile)
Generated iex app
==> elixir (eunit)
  All 190 tests passed.

==> elixir (ex_unit)
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Finished in 81.6 seconds (47.2s on load, 34.4s on tests)
1569 doctests, 3374 tests, 0 failures, 7 excluded

Randomized with seed 847643
==> ex_unit (ex_unit)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Finished in 6.2 seconds (3.9s on load, 2.3s on tests)
42 doctests, 309 tests, 0 failures

Randomized with seed 541463
==> logger (ex_unit)
............................................................................................................................

Finished in 2.4 seconds (1.9s on load, 0.4s on tests)
3 doctests, 121 tests, 0 failures

Randomized with seed 211604
==> mix (ex_unit)
Excluding tags: [windows: true]

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Finished in 158.5 seconds (12.1s on load, 146.4s on tests)
9 doctests, 611 tests, 0 failures

Randomized with seed 334499
==> eex (ex_unit)
...........................................................................................

Finished in 0.5 seconds (0.4s on load, 0.06s on tests)
5 doctests, 86 tests, 0 failures

Randomized with seed 599118
==> iex (ex_unit)
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Finished in 8.5 seconds (2.1s on load, 6.3s on tests)
231 tests, 0 failures

Randomized with seed 207545
[root@localhost elixir]# 

如果测试通过,则表示编译安装完成。

接下来将Elixir的bin路径添加到PATH环境变量中,否则Elixir将无法正常工作。

方法一(暂时生效)

现在运行以下命令:

$ export PATH="\$PATH:/root/elixir/bin"

在这里,我把Elixir安装在了 /root/elixir/  。你必须将此路径替换为你实际的Elixir安装路径。

方法二(只对当前登陆用户生效,永久生效)

$ vi \~/.bash_profile

默认如下:

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

添加后:

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$PATH:/root/elixir/bin

接下来执行 source ~/.bash_profile 使其立即生效或者 reboot 重启生效

方法三(对所有系统用户生效,永久生效)

$ vi /etc/profile

在文件最后添加以下两行:

PATH="$PATH:/root/elixir/bin"
export PATH

接下来执行 source /etc/profile 使其立即生效或者 reboot 重启生效

验证Elixir

要验证是否已安装Elixir,请运行:

$ iex

输出示例:

Erlang/OTP 22 [erts-10.6] [source] [64-bit] [smp:1:1] [ds:1:1:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe]

Interactive Elixir (1.9.4) - press Ctrl+C to exit (type h() ENTER for help)
iex(1)> 

如果你看到Elixir shell,则表示安装成功!

同样,要关闭Elixir shell,只需按两次Ctrl-C。

查看Elixir版本:

$ elixir --version

输出示例:

Erlang/OTP 22 [erts-10.6] [source] [64-bit] [smp:1:1] [ds:1:1:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe]

Elixir 1.10.0-dev (ee758f9) (compiled with Erlang/OTP 22)

现在CentOS7服务器中已成功安装并设置可工作的Erlang和Elixir开发环境,所有安装已完成!

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